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Belarusian resistance during World War II
The Belarusian Resistance during World War II opposed Nazi Germany from 1941 until 1944. Belarus was one of the Soviet republics occupied during Operation Barbarossa. However, segments of the Belarusian population cooperated with the Nazi occupation government and continued until the end of the war.
== Resistance ==
After the victories of the Wehrmacht against the Red Army in 1941, Belarus was one of the Soviet republics that came under control of Nazi Germany. The official government of the occupation forces was established on August 23, 1941, under the direction of Wilhelm Kube. While the resistance movement first consisted of cut-off Soviet soldiers, some civilians began joining them around the summer of 1942.() From that time until the end of the year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia formed courses and offices helping those wishing to fight the Nazi Government.
On September 22, 1943, Kube was assassinated in his Minsk home by a bomb as part of Operation Blow-up; the bomb was placed by a Soviet partisan Yelena Mazanik, a Belarusian woman who had managed to find employment in Kube's household as a maid in order to assassinate him.
The first partisan detachments were composed mostly of Red Army personnel, but also included local people; they were commanded by Red Army officers or local Soviet or Communist activists. These detachments dated back to the early days of World War II: the detachment ''Starasyel'ski'' of major Dorodnykh in Zhabinka district (June 23, 1941),〔(HistBel-5) Гісторыя Беларусі: У 6 т. Т. 5. Беларусь у 1917—1945. — Мн.: Экаперспектыва, 2006. — 613 с.; іл. ISBN 985-469-149-7. p.492.〕 the detachment of Vasily Korzh in Pinsk on June 26, 1941 and others. First awards to the partisans with order of Hero of the Soviet Union occurred on August 6, 1941; they were given to detachment commanders Pavlovskiy and Bumazhkov. Throughout 1941, the core of the partisan movement consisted of the straggling remains of the Red Army units destroyed in Operation Barbarossa, personnel of the destruction battalions, and local Communist Komsomol and Soviet activists. The most common unit of the period was the detachment. The "seed" partisan detachments, diversionist and organizational groups were actively formed and inserted into German-occupied territories beginning in the summer of 1941. Urban underground groups were formed as a force complementing the activities of partisan units, which operated in rural terrains.
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